Book and method of making same



Dec. 12, 1933. A. L. GRAMMER 1,938,959

BOOK AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed Dec. 19, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Allen I. gramme);

Dec. 12, 1933. RA ER 1,938,959

BOOK AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed Dec. 19, 193] 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Zlezz L Grammez;

:3 WGSW Patented Dec. 1 2, 1933 'ATENT OFFICE.

BOOK AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Allen L. Grammar, Meadowbrook, Pa.

' Application December19,1931 Serial- No. 582,011

5 Claims. (01. 281-26) One object of the present invention is to provide a strong book in which the leaves are securely fastened and held to place and which may be opened flat at the gutter portion. Another object 5 of the invention is to provide an expeditious and economical method of binding books having th characteristics above referred to.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the following description at the end of which the invention will be claimed.

Generally stated, the invention consists in a book roughened on its back surface with minute parallel oblique valleys and ridges comprising teeth having at their points projecting fibers and having ogee roots, and provided with an adhesive at the back surface.

Generally stated the invention also consists in a book bound with an adhesive and having its pages provided at their gutter edges with minute tongues having ogee roots, in'the sense that the plane of the roots of the teeth are bodily deformed laterally or facially in both directions which lock the pages at two places and having at their points projecting fibers, the points of the teeth being clinched to lock the leaves at a third place.

The invention also comprises the method of binding the assembled pages of books which consists in making parallel oblique ridges and val- 0 leys on the back surface of the book by slitting the gutter edges of the pages and turning and crowding the portions between the slits into pointed teeth having at their pointsprojecting fibers and having roots laterally deformed in both directions, which lock the pages at both sides thereof, applying an adhesive at the back surface, and exerting pressure at the back and sides of the book to clinch the points of the teeth.

The invention also comprises the improvements to be presently described and finally claimed.

In the following description reference will be made to the accompanying drawings forming part hereof and in which Figure 1 is an edge view of the assembled leaves looking toward what is to be the back of the book and the gutter edges of the leaves.

Fig. 2 is a similar view looking at the back of the book and at the gutter edges of the pages, and illustrating features of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is aview similar to Fig. 2 with the leaves in separated positions.

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 3 with the leaves feathered or successively pushed back.

the back.

Fig. 10 is a side view with a corner of the cover broken away.

Fig. 11 is a similar view showing in dotted lines the supercloth.

Fig. 12 is a'vertical transverse section.

Fig. 13 is a sectional plan on the line 13-13 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a plan view drawn to an enlarged scale;

Fig. 15 is a sectional of-Fig: '14, and

Fig. 16 is a section on the line 16-16 of Fig. 13.

It may be remarked that'Figs. l-9 are somewhat diagrammatic and are greatly enlarged.

Referring to the drawings, the book is roughened on itsback surface with minute parallel oblique valleys 1 and ridges 2 comprising teeth 3 having at their points projecting fibers 4, Fig. 3, and having roots laterally deformed in curves and in both directions 5, Fig. 5, and considering one tooth, the root is bent facially to one side out of the plane of the page in which it is formed, then to the other side of the page and then inward at the tip or point. This is best seen from Figs. 4 to 7, inclusive. From the foregoing description it is evident that the pages are interlocked by the lateral curves of the roots at two places on opposite sides of the planes'of the pages and are clinched at the points or tips of the teeth, so that they are quite firmly connected. Prior to binding, the points of teeth 3 and their view on the line 1545 95 projecting fibers 4 extend beyond the lateral edges of the pages from which they are formed as is best seen in Fig. 3. 6 indicates a cover. At the gutter edges of the leaves or back of the book there is applied an adhesive and it serves to firmly bind and holdthe leaves together and to on the back of the book from which the points of teeth 3 and the projecting fibers 4 extend, and pressure is also exerted on the sides of the book adjacent the back. This pressure is exerted by any convenient mechanism (not shown). The pressure serves to bend, distort and clinch the points of the teeth .3 so that a third interlock is provided.

There may, if desired, be provided two or more groups of parallel oblique valleys and ridges at angles to the other groups of parallel oblique I valleys and ridges.

The leaves 8 held between clamps 9 slidable along a guide 10 are passed between fixed guides 11 and 12, Figs. 12 and 13. There is 'a rotary member 13 which may be set at an angle of substantially 45 to the direction of travel of the leaves, and it carries a series of cutters 14 hav.

ing cutting edges 15 provided by surfaces disposed at right angles to, each other. The cutters pass through a groove 16 provided in soft metal inserts in the guides 11 and 12, and these hold the leaves up together in such a way that the cutters remove practically no material from the leaves but slit, deform, crowd, plow and turn the material of the edges of the sheet into the formation desired.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates that modifications may be made in details of construction and arrangement and matters of mere form without departing from the spirit of the invention which is not limited to such matters or otherwise, than the prior art and the appended claims may require.

I claim:

1. A book roughened on the surface of its .back with minute parallel oblique valleys and ridges comprising teeth having at their points projecting fibers and having roots bodily deformed laterally in both directions, and provided with an adhesive at the back.

2. A book roughened on the surface of its back with minute parallel oblique valleys and ridges comprising teeth having at their points projectingfibers and having roots bodily deformed in both directions, and provided with an adhesive at the back, said teeth being interlocked at two places by the curves of the deformed roots.

3. A book roughened on the surface of its back with minute parallel oblique valleys and ridges comprising, teeth having at their points projecting fibers and having ogee roots, and provided with an adhesive at the back, said teeth being interlocked at two places by the curves of the ogee roots and at a third place by the points of said teeth and said adhesive.

4. The method of binding the assembled pages of bookswhich consists in making parallel oblique ridges and valleys on the surface of the back of the bookby slitting the gutter edges of the leaves and turning and crowding the portion between the slits into pointed teeth having projecting fibers and roots deformed laterally in both 100 directions, and applying adhesive at the back.

5 The method of binding the assembled pages of books which consists in making parallel obits 

